Android Development On Ubuntu

Android Studio Setup

Install Vim plugin, Relative Number plugin
Update the theme to Dracula
Check Editor > Code Completion > Insert Selected Variant by typing dot, space, etc.
Check Editor > Other: Show Quick Doc on Mouse Move, delay 1000
Uncheck Editor > Smart Keys > Insert Pair Bracket, Insert Pair Quote
Editor > Smart Keys > Reformat on Paste => Reformat block
Keymap > Navigate > Symbol… Add new shortcut Ctrl + Comma; Remove existing mappings for that shortcut.
Keymap > Navigate > File… Add new shortcut Ctrl + Semicolon.
Keymap > Other > Show Intention Actions - Add new shortcut Ctrl + dot; Remove existing mapping for that shortcut.
Editor > Auto Import. Insert Import on Paste => All, Optimize imports on the fly => check, Add unambiguous imports on the fly => check.

Optimization

Reference: http://geek.moneylover.me/android-studio-eliminate-shutter-n-lag/

Update vmoptions file(s) to have -Xms256m -Xmx2048m
Open android studio
Settings > Appearance > Show Memory Indicator. It should show 2000+M as upper limit.
go to Settings/Compiler and check everything, except for the 2nd option Make project automatically.
For gradle VM Options, we use these configurations: -Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
Next, add the following lines to gradle.properties in your project directory:

org.gradle.daemon=true
org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
org.gradle.parallel=true
org.gradle.configureondemand=true

Launcher

Android Studio > Tools > Create Desktop Entry. Then search for android studio in Dash. The first / biggest icon is the right one to choose for the launcher

Setup

Following list provides basic idea of what is required:

Oracle JDK
Gradle - Alternative for Ant
Espresso - Functional testing framework
Robolectric - Run unit tests (and even functional and integration tests) on desktop JVM instead of Dalvik
Spoon - Run all the device tests simultaneously. Can be combined with espresso. gradle spoon ...

Alternatively, here is the way to get android development VM:

Install vagrant
Install android-vm
Install Oracle Java (version 7 for Android L, 6 for up to kitkat)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer
sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-set-default

java -version

android SDK

Android Studio. Copy the android-studio folder to /opt. To update permissions sudo setfacl -R -m u:ragu:rwX android-studio
or http://www.unixmen.com/install-android-sdk-ubuntu-14-04/

emulator

Reference: http://stackoverflow.com/a/12941873/15139

Install KVM. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Installation
Install Intel x86 emulator images from SDK Manager
Create AVD with Intel x86 CPU/ABI
Run it using emulator -avd <avd_name> -qemu -m 512 -enable-kvm

Alternative:

genymotion (http://schier.co/post/install-genymotion-2.0-in-ubuntu) # Worked fine and takes up less screen space on laptop but didn’t work very well on the desktop

Directory structure

  src
    |-- main
    |   `-- java
    |       `-- com
    |           `-- example
    |               `-- helloapp
    |                   `-- MainActivity.java
    `-- test
        |-- espresso
        |   `-- MainActivityTest.java
        `-- java
            `-- MainActivityTest.java

.gitignore

#built application files
*.apk
*.ap_

# files for the dex VM
*.dex

# Java class files
*.class

# generated files
bin/
gen/

# Local configuration file (sdk path, etc)
local.properties

# Windows thumbnail db
Thumbs.db

# OSX files
.DS_Store

# Eclipse project files
.classpath
.project

# Android Studio
.idea
#.idea/workspace.xml - remove # and delete .idea if it better suit your needs.
.gradle
build/

# for older format

/*/out
/*/*/build
/*/*/production
*.iws
*.ipr
*~
*.swp

Running Espresso Tests with Gradle

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cwchien/gradle
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gradle # or gradle-1.10

Reference: http://askubuntu.com/a/328181/1476

File: build.gradle

buildscript {
	repositories {
		mavenCentral()
	}

	dependencies {
		classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.9.+'
	}
}

apply plugin: 'android'

repositories {
	mavenCentral()
}

android {
	buildToolsVersion "19.0.3"
	compileSdkVersion 19

	dependencies {
		compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
		compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:19.+'
		androidTestCompile 'com.jakewharton.espresso:espresso:1.1-r3'
		androidTestCompile ('com.jakewharton.espresso:espresso-support-v4:1.1-r3') {
			exclude group:'com.android.support', module:'support-v4'
		}
	}

	sourceSets {
		main {
			manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
			res.srcDirs = ['res']
		}
		androidTest {
			setRoot('src/test/java/')
			manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
		}
	}

	lintOptions {
		abortOnError false
	} 

	defaultConfig {
		minSdkVersion 8
		targetSdkVersion 19
		testInstrumentationRunner "com.google.android.apps.common.testing.testrunner.GoogleInstrumentationTestRunner"
	}

	packagingOptions {
		exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
	}
}

Example espresso test

File: ./src/test/espresso/MainActivityTest.java

package com.example.helloapp;

import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.LargeTest;
import com.example.helloapp.MainActivity;
import com.example.helloapp.R;

import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;

@LargeTest
public class MainActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MainActivity> {
	public MainActivityTest() {
		super("com.example.helloapp", MainActivity.class);
	}

	@Override
	protected void setUp() throws Exception {
		super.setUp();
		getActivity();
	}

	public void testCreate() {
		onView(withId(R.id.text_view)).check(matches(withText(R.string.hello)));
	}
}

Ensure local.properties has correct android sdk path. For example, sdk.dir=/opt/android-studio/sdk

Ensure from Android SDK Manager that the version of Build Tools is installed as mentioned in build.gradle file. (in this example it is 19.0.3)

gradle build

If successful,

Start up the emulator genymotion or emulator avd <emulator-name> -qemu -m 512 -enable-kvm

Now is the time to run

gradle connectedAndroidTest

If there is any error, try adb logcat

Running Robolectric Tests with Gradle

build.gradle includes espresso and robolectric

File: build.gradle

buildscript {
	repositories {
		mavenCentral()
	}

	dependencies {
		classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.9.+'
    classpath 'org.robolectric.gradle:gradle-android-test-plugin:0.9.4'
	}
}

apply plugin: 'android'
apply plugin: 'android-test'

repositories {
	mavenCentral()
}

android {
	buildToolsVersion "19.0.3"
	compileSdkVersion 19

	dependencies {
		compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
		compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:19.+'
		androidTestCompile 'com.jakewharton.espresso:espresso:1.1-r3'
		androidTestCompile ('com.jakewharton.espresso:espresso-support-v4:1.1-r3') {
			exclude group:'com.android.support', module:'support-v4'
		}
	}

	sourceSets {
		main {
			manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
			res.srcDirs = ['res']
		}

		androidTest {
			setRoot('src/test/java/')
			manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
		}
	}

	lintOptions {
		abortOnError false
	}

	defaultConfig {
		minSdkVersion 8
		targetSdkVersion 19
		testInstrumentationRunner "com.google.android.apps.common.testing.testrunner.GoogleInstrumentationTestRunner"
	}

	packagingOptions {
		exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
		exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
		exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
		exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
	}
}

androidTest {
  include '**/*Test.class'
  exclude '**/espresso/**/*.class'
}

dependencies {
  repositories {
    mavenCentral()
      maven {
        url 'https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/'
      }
  }

  androidTestCompile('junit:junit:4.11') {
    exclude module: 'hamcrest-core'
  }

  androidTestCompile('org.robolectric:robolectric:2.3') {
    exclude module: 'classworlds'
    exclude module: 'maven-artifact'
    exclude module: 'maven-artifact-manager'
    exclude module: 'maven-error-diagnostics'
    exclude module: 'maven-model'
    exclude module: 'maven-plugin-registry'
    exclude module: 'maven-profile'
    exclude module: 'maven-project'
    exclude module: 'maven-settings'
    exclude module: 'nekohtml'
    exclude module: 'plexus-container-default'
    exclude module: 'plexus-interpolation'
    exclude module: 'plexus-utils'
    exclude module: 'wagon-file'
    exclude module: 'wagon-http-lightweight'
    exclude module: 'wagon-http-shared'
    exclude module: 'wagon-provider-api'
  }

  androidTestCompile 'com.squareup:fest-android:1.0.+'
}

Sample robolectric test
File: ./src/test/java/MainActivityTest.java

package com.example.helloapp.gradletest;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.robolectric.Robolectric;
import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;
import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
import com.example.helloapp.MainActivity;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

@Config (emulateSdk = 18) //Robolectric support API level 18,17, 16, but not 19
@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
public class MainActivityTest {
      @Test
      public void testCreate() throws Exception {
        MainActivity activity = Robolectric.buildActivity(MainActivity.class).create().get();
        assertTrue(activity != null);
      }
}

Verify build and run robolectric tests with: gradle build

Run tests with: gradle test or gradle clean test

Report is available at the following location. Nice report to view on browser
file:///home/ragu/code/android-dryrun/build/test-report/debug/index.html